What Is an EPC and Does It Matter for a Renovation?
An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) rates the energy efficiency of a property on a scale from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient). It gives an indication of how much it costs to heat and power the property, and what the environmental impact is. EPCs are required when a property is built, sold, or let — and the requirements around minimum EPC ratings are becoming increasingly important for landlords and property owners.
What Does an EPC Measure?
An EPC is produced by a qualified Domestic Energy Assessor (DEA) who visits the property and assesses: the construction type and estimated insulation levels of walls, floors, and roof; the type and efficiency of the heating system; the glazing type (single, double, or triple); the hot water system; any renewable energy generation; and the lighting type. The assessor inputs this data into standard software that generates the EPC rating and an estimated annual energy cost.
Importantly, an EPC is not a precise measurement of energy use — it's a standardised assessment based on assumed occupancy patterns and is primarily a comparative tool. Two identical properties with different boilers or different insulation levels should show meaningfully different EPC ratings.
When Do You Need an EPC?
You need a valid EPC when: selling a property (must be available to prospective buyers); letting a property (must be provided to prospective tenants before they view); constructing a new building; and making certain types of extension or conversion that require Building Regulations approval. An EPC is valid for 10 years.
Minimum EPC Requirements for Landlords
Since April 2020, privately rented properties in England and Wales must have a minimum EPC rating of E before a new tenancy can start. The government has proposed raising this minimum to C for new tenancies from 2028 and all tenancies from 2030 — though these dates have been subject to revision. Landlords with F or G rated properties are already unable to let legally without an exemption, and the direction of travel is clearly toward higher minimum standards.
How a Renovation Can Improve Your EPC Rating
A renovation is an excellent opportunity to improve your EPC rating, as the disruption of works makes insulation upgrades cost-effective. The most impactful improvements typically are: upgrading to a high-efficiency condensing boiler; adding loft insulation to 270mm; adding wall insulation (cavity fill or internal/external wall insulation for solid walls); upgrading to double or triple glazing; and installing solar panels (which can dramatically improve the rating even on a poorly insulated property).
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